AI Aces the Test, But Can It Make the Grade? Why Classification Isn’t Decision-Making

We constantly hear about AI’s incredible feats: identifying cats in photos better than your cousin Kevin, translating languages on the fly, even spotting diseases on medical scans. AI models, especially those powered by Deep Learning, are phenomenal classifiers. They can look at data and yell “CAT!” or “SPAM!” or “POTENTIAL TUMOR!” with astonishing accuracy. But …

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Understanding Probability Distributions: The Language of Uncertainty

In the real world, outcomes are rarely certain. Will it rain tomorrow? Will a stock price go up? Will a user click on an ad? Probability theory provides the mathematical framework for reasoning about uncertainty, and at the heart of this framework lies the concept of a probability distribution. A probability distribution is a fundamental …

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AI Brains or Clever Parrots? Unpacking How LLMs ‘Reason’

Have you ever noticed how your brain effortlessly maps out the fastest route to work—or zeroes in on the murderer halfway through a mystery novel? That’s reasoning in action: the invisible yet powerful mental machinery we use to draw conclusions, make decisions, and understand the world. Now, imagine machines doing the same thing. In recent …

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